Working Principle
The operating principle of centrifugal purifier depends on the difference in specific gravity of the two liquids and solid particles.
Let us take the example of settling tank where fuel is stored and because of the difference in the specific gravity of water and fuel (water is heavier) the water and solids gets collected at the bottom part due to the effect of gravity.
mathematically this can be expressed as
separating forceDensity of water
Density of oil
Gravitational forceNow if we convert the tank into a rotating conical object,then. ‘ g ‘will be replaced by centrifugal force( omega square)×r where omega is angular velocity of rotation and r is the effective radius.
Fs=for/6 D^ 3(density of water – density of oil)w^2r
now the separating force is much higher and the heavier particles will move outward where solid particles accumulate and water will passed through water outlet line.Depending on the density of oil,its temperature and line of interference will before between oil and water,inside of this line there will be oil which passes through the top disc and dirty oil inlet pipe.
Outside of this line is what passes between top disc.
Role of gravity disc
A ring fitted at the top of disc stack from where water is passing out is called gravity disc.Oil maybe of different densities,so the interface changes.To create the correct line of interface between water and oil it is very important to select correct gravity disc size.
The function of gravity disc are as follows
◆ gravity disc in the purifier is one which controls the output of the quantity of fuel
◆ It is responsible for creating the interface between the oil and water
◆ Back pressure is maintained by gravity disc.
Operation of Centrifugal purifier
The figure above shows the arrangement of self cleaning type centrifugal purifier,in which there are number of Disc or disc stack placed in between bowl hood and distributor bottom conical disc.
Once the purifier reaches it’s operating RPM,Bowl closing water is supplied which pushes the sliding bowl hydraulically upward and the Teflon sealing ring fitted into the groove of sliding ring gets pressed against the bowl hood rhus makes an effectiveseal.Now sealing water is supplied into the purifier till it’s come out from water outlet line.Afterwards dirty oil is fed into the purifier and due to the action of centrifugal force water and heavy solid particles move towards outer Periphery and oil moves inward due to difference in their specific gravity.
Thus a line of interference is formed between water and oil.Oil passes between discs.The purpose of multi disc is to separate the liquid into thin layer and create shallow settling distance between discs and improving separation of oil from heavier liquids and solid particles.Purified oil passes through the clean oil outlet pipe and water moves out through the passage between oil outlet Pipe and gravity disc.
The inner diameter of gravity disc controls the position of line of interface. When there is too much accumulation of sludge in the bowl.Periphery,feed oil operating water supply isolated and bowl opening water is supplied for few seconds which hydraulically passes the spring loaded valves downward and this causes operating water from space A to drains and the sliding wall slides down,thus the accumulated sludge gets removed from the purifier due to the action of centrifugal force.After the disludging operation, normal operation is restored..
How to use nomogram
A nomogram which is chart,is provides by the purifier maker.This nomogram is to be used for selecting the correct size of gravity disc.This chart has following parameters.
◆Specific gravity of oil at 15 degree celcius.
◆Oil temperature at purifier.
◆Feed rate.
this chart has, falling curves for a specific gravity
and vertical line for temperature.
as shown above, let the specific gravity of oil at 15 degree celsius in 0.94, separation temperature is 98 degree Celsius, feed rate is 1800 l/h.
from the intersection between falling curve of specific gravity of 0.94 and the vertical line of 98 degree Celsius,draw horizontal line to reach the vertical line of hundred degree Celsius. now the right end of the line and the point at 1800 L/h to be connecting a straight line now read the point of intersection of this straight line on the line for inner diameter of gravity disc.this Falls at 79 mm
What is Line of interface ?
Line of interface is the boundary of layer between the separating liquid and it is important to maintain inside the bowl of the centrifugal separator to attend the effectiveness of purification.
In Purifier, at the disc stack periphery, water globules and solid particles continued to move out towards the bowl wall with the water being sandwiched between the solids and oil, which Orient itself towards the bowl Centre.The boundary at which substances meet are known as interface.
This line of interface which is created due to difference in a specific gravity of oil and water under the action of centrifugal force is very distinct and the location of this line is very important for effective purification. If the line of interface is located outside the water baffle (top disc) discharge of oil in the water phase will take place.On the other side if the line of interface is shifted to the centre then purified oil may contain water.
What is the desired point at which line of interface should be maintained
To gain the fullest advantage from the disc stack the line of interface for e-lines to be located outside the disc stack but within the water outlet baffle.
Write two different ways by which line of interference can we maintaind
line of interface can we maintain at the desired diameter by the problem two method
1. By the use of different diameter dam ring and gravity disc as per gravity disc nomogram
2.By controlling the back pressure of the purified oil discharge line.
how dO you change purifier to clarifier
● open up the Purifier and set the Bind disc At the bottom of discuss stack.
● the water outlet is blocked by a seal on the gravity disc.
●Blank off the sealing water inlet line
Purifier is a centrifuge, which is arranged to separate water and solid impurities from oil.
clarifier is a centrifuge, which is arranged to separate finer solid impurities from the oil.
how to change purifier from H.O to D.O?
● Replace the gravity disc,which is a smaller than the heavy oil.
● Open heater bypass valve.
●Closed the F.O heater steam in/out valves.
●Open heater drains valve.
NOTE:-
Pure D.O purifier can not change to H.O,because it has no heater.
Pure clarifier cannot change to purifier,it has no water outlet.
Difference between purifier and clarifier
Purifier
1.purifier remove wate.r and suspended solid particles from oils
2. Two outlets water and clean oil.
3. gravity disc on top
4.blind disc on the top of disc stag.
5.sealing water required.
Clarifier
1. remove finer and lighter particle from oil.
2. one outlet for Clean oil.
3. no gravity disc.
4.Blind disc at bottom.
5. Sealing water not required
Clarifier is a centrifuge which remove only solids,not water.
In clarifier no requirement for sealiling water when started .
It is a centrifuge in which the dam ring or gravity disc is replaced by a blank disc with no aperture.
Pairing Disc
It is a stationary impeller mounted in a chamber at the neck of bowl.
It’s function is to convert the rotating energy of the liquid into a pressure head.
To prevent oil passing out of the water side on the start up , it is necessary to put water into the bowl until the water shows at the water discharge.The bowl of a purifier is in effect sealed by this water.
overflow of purifier
means discharge of oil in the water phase
reason of overflow
1. incorrect purifier gravity disc
2. Too low fuel oil temperature
3. too much feed rate/ throughput
4. too much sludge inside the bowl
5. low RPM of bowl
6. Sealing water failure
7. worn out main sealing ring
Factors affect thr position of interference ?
1. size of gravity disc.
2.Density of a specific gravity of oil.
3. viscosity of oil
4.Oil inlet temperature
5.Oil feed rate
What are the factors required for maintaining the correct position of interference
1.Correct size of gravity disc
2.Clean Disc stag
3. maintain the following field condition
4.constant oil property i.e density, viscosity
5.constant flow rate
6.constant temperature
Factors affect selection of gravity disc
1.separation temperature
2. density of oil at this temperature.
3 desired throughput of oil and by using of nomogram.
Cause of excessive vibration on purifier
1.Sludge too much
2.foundation damper and spring failure
3. bearing failure
4.worngear
5.uneven wear of frictional clutch
6.motor speed to high or too low.
Why have not get enough rpm when purifier is running
1 Improper touching with friction clutch.
2. Touching with break
3.Excessive sludge in the bowl
4.Bearing failure
5.Motor unning at overload
6.one phase power failure(single phasing)
7.Sunil oil level too high
8.vertical shaft and horizontal shaftb are out of alignment.
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